In cognitive psychology, what is a schema?

A schema is best understood as a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. This cognitive structure allows people to categorize experiences based on prior knowledge and experiences, facilitating efficient information processing. Schemas influence how information is perceived, understood, and remembered by providing a context for incoming data.

For instance, if someone has a schema for 'restaurant', it might include expectations about the roles of waitstaff, the sequence of ordering food, and typical dining etiquette. When encountering a new restaurant, this existing schema helps the individual navigate the experience more smoothly.

Because schemas play a crucial role in guiding attention, interpreting new information, and recalling memories, they are foundational to understanding cognitive processes in psychology. This highlights their importance in learning and adapting to new experiences, making option B the correct choice.