What cognitive function is primarily used during problem-solving tasks?

During problem-solving tasks, working memory plays a crucial role as it involves the manipulation and temporary storage of information necessary for reasoning and decision-making. This cognitive function allows individuals to hold multiple pieces of information in mind while they analyze a problem, develop potential solutions, and assess their effectiveness.

Working memory enables the integration of new information with existing knowledge and facilitates cognitive tasks such as planning, comprehension, and learning. It is essential for managing the demands of problem-solving, as it allows for the active manipulation of information without losing track of relevant details. This is particularly important when problems are complex and require the consideration of various variables and potential outcomes simultaneously.

In contrast, while attention helps focus on relevant stimuli and memory stores previously learned information, these functions do not specifically encompass the dynamic processing and manipulation required during problem-solving. Perception primarily involves interpreting sensory information, which, while important, does not directly address the cognitive manipulation aspect central to problem-solving. Thus, working memory is the key cognitive function most relevant to effectively solving problems.