What does the dual-coding theory suggest about information retention?

Dual-coding theory, proposed by Allan Paivio, posits that information is more easily retained when it is encoded in two different forms: visual and verbal. This theory suggests that the use of both types of encoding creates multiple pathways for retrieving the information later, enhancing memory performance. When we encode information visually, we create a mental image, while verbal encoding allows us to store the same information in linguistic form.

By having both visual and verbal representations of the same concept, our cognitive system can leverage the strengths of each mode of representation, leading to a richer encoding experience and facilitating better recall. This multi-faceted approach allows for more robust memory networks in our brain, making it easier to retrieve information when needed.

In contrast, other options suggest methods that do not align with the dual-coding principle. For example, repetitive auditory learning focuses on a single modality, while solely relying on verbal encoding limits the encoding efficiency. Emotional engagement can enhance memory but does not specifically relate to the dual-coding theory's emphasis on the combination of visual and verbal encoding. Thus, the idea that information is best retained when encoded both visually and verbally underscores the essence of dual-coding theory.