What experimental method can eliminate short-term memory during a task?

The method that effectively eliminates short-term memory during a task involves directing attention to another task. This approach leverages the concept of cognitive load and attention allocation in cognitive psychology. When individuals are asked to focus on a secondary task, their attentional resources are diverted away from the primary task, which hinders their ability to retain information in short-term memory.

Diverting attention can disrupt the encoding process necessary for short-term memory retention. For instance, if a participant is engaged in a memory task and simultaneously required to complete an unrelated task, the cognitive resources needed to maintain the first task become compromised. This creates a scenario where the retention of information in short-term memory is significantly diminished or even lost entirely.

Turning to the other choices, while visual distractions may cause some interference, they do not completely eliminate short-term memory; they merely make it harder to focus. Decreasing the number of trials might reduce the cognitive load but doesn't actively engage a mechanism that disrupts short-term memory. Lastly, increasing the complexity of a task might lead to cognitive overload or enhance engagement with the task, but it does not specifically target the negation of short-term memory storage. Thus, directing attention to another task is the most effective method highlighted in the question to eliminate short