What is the definition of cognitive bias?

Cognitive bias is defined as a deviation from rational judgment that leads to illogical conclusions. This definition captures the essence of cognitive biases, which are mental shortcuts or heuristics that can cause individuals to make systematic errors in their thinking. These biases can affect how people process information, interpret events, and make decisions.

For example, when someone relies too heavily on their first impression or a particular piece of information, they might overlook other important factors that contribute to a more balanced understanding of a situation. As a result, cognitive biases can lead to flawed reasoning and judgments that don’t align with reality, illustrating how they disrupt logical thinking. This impact on judgment can have significant implications in various contexts, including decision-making, problem-solving, and interpersonal interactions, leading to conclusions that may not be supported by the facts.