What is the primary function of the hippocampus in relation to memory?

The primary function of the hippocampus in relation to memory is to assist in the formation of new explicit long-term memories. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in the consolidation of information from short-term memory into long-term memory, particularly for declarative memory, which includes facts and events that can be consciously recalled. This process is essential for learning and remembering new information.

While emotional memories are processed in various brain regions, including the amygdala, the hippocampus specifically aids in forming the explicit aspects of those memories, such as contextual details and episodes. It does not store memories permanently; rather, it facilitates the initial stages of memory formation and retrieval before this information is transferred to other areas of the brain for long-term storage.

The hippocampus is not responsible for regulating short-term memory processing, as this involves different neural mechanisms that do not primarily engage the hippocampus. Therefore, its central role remains in supporting the creation and organization of new explicit long-term memories, highlighting its importance in the overall memory system.